Quimbaya gold pectoral 
772px-Tumbaga_Pectoral, _Quimbaya_culture The tumbaga is the English name given to an alloy of gold and copper manufacturing the Indian goldsmiths America.
329px-Cacique_Quimbaya_de_oro_ (M._América, _Madrid) _01 
"The Poporo Quimbaya is a piece of pre-Columbian period Quimbaya Classic. Currently on display at the Museo del Oro of Bogotá. Its main use was the ceremonial vessel for mambeo coca leaf during religious ceremonies. The specimen on display was made about 300 BC
is believed that the art piece was excavated from a burial chamber in 1930, in Loma de Pajarito, near the town of Yarumal in the department of Antioquia at a time when the archaeological jewel heist (guaqueo) was common. "http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poporo_Quimbaya
cacique Golden 
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The Quimbayas
Surrounded by endless guaduales and Yarumos, the Quimbayas are famous for their ability to build with bamboo, fine jewelry and his brave warriors. They inhabited the region now Coffee, especially in the current Department. Quindio. The Quimbaya, are the creators of perhaps the most famous piece of pre-Columbian gold of the World: the Poporo Quimbaya (Museo del Oro), and one of the most stunning collections of Pre-Hispanic Art: The Treasury Quimbayas (Museo de America - Madrid) .The Quimbayas, it is estimated that were almost 100000, living in round huts of bamboo and thatched roofs. The fires were public, and were shared three or four families each and were by themselves in a hut near the three houses. The settlements were quite compact, it was common for each village Quimbaya not exceed three different families, making the transaction within the villages very friendly family.
The Quimbayas agricultural production was not as efficient as in other cultures, they already knew and practiced crop rotation. They cultivated the land and let her rest, while the following year he took another, and so on. His method was to burn the land, which was cut up and groove to grow, slowly killing the nutrients in the soil. Though they were experts on the terrace the land in most areas slopes, thus avoiding erosion. But these methods of burning were offset by the planting of bamboo forest, which besides being a source of timber, preserved and restored much water the soil nutrients. The most common crops were corn those , celeriac, beans, sisal and cassava . The heavily developed
Quimbayas systematic collection of fruits and berries, especially those of Inga, pitahayas, guavas, avocados and caimitos. But the tree that are most used, was the bamboo. The bamboo is an abundant tree in the current coffee-growing region, and was used by the Quimbayas from toys to weapons and houses. The Quimbayas not yet built their hives , getting used to collect the honeycombs that formed on the trees. From these hives , extracting honey , which also drew consuming virgin wax, which used to make the pieces of gold in the technique of wax lost.
Salt was one of the reasons why Quimbayas were not conquered by warlike peoples as Muzos and Panzer Consota salty sources, Cori, and Caramanta Coinza were monopolized by the Quimbaya, who controlled the trade of mineral in the area west of the cord. Central. In these salt springs, the waters divided wit Quimbaya salty sweet and salt carried by bamboo pipes to the furnaces. which was evaporated and removed. The entire salt Quimbayas kept in special containers owned by each family. Salt was used both to pay tribute to the chief and neighboring tribes.
The Quimbayas were skilled hunters, it was common for parents and children through the jungle to hunt at night and arrive the next day with tapirs, opossums, anteaters and guartinaja prized deer. The meat from these the salted for consumption later. These macaws also pursued, to which stripping, to use their feathers for decoration and eating their meat blue.
Quimbaya Gold did not come from mines, as occurred with Tayronas or Calimas and Pancas, or trade, such as Muiscas, but the rivers. The Quimbayas went to the river frequently and collected gold batons, or when they were too mighty, or growing drought expected to pick up the golden sand with silt that it brought, very good for farming. The raw gold was taken home gold and silver, which was crushed with large stones, when it was almost powder was mixed with copper, to tumbaga, which was easier to melt. With the lost wax technique, the figures obtained Quimbayas tumbaga, later practicing them hardened, heat and submerge in ice water, then hammer to remove impurities and give you strength. The Quimbayas were the best practiced tempered and hammered it epetían the process several times. Therefore, Quimbaya figures we see in museums are brighter and have not suffered nearly as long. In addition to the lost wax, which was more common in the decorative and ceremonial pieces priestly or civilian, was also used embossing, or hammering delicate gold leaf. The Emboss was more used in weapons, helmets and breastplates of the warriors, as was done with plates, which were lighter in combat.
Quimbaya Culture, in relation to their ceremonial rites, was cannibalism. when a tribe went to war, the Chief sacrificed two of his slaves and all drank their blood and ate his flesh, feeling full of courage and fighting strength. This practice was only in times of war and religious ceremonies.
The burial of a chief was a major event. The priests organized a grand ceremony, painting and decorating the body of the chief, who was wearing gold ornaments and luxurious blankets. The chief was watched for several weeks at his home, then was taken to the top of a hill, where they had already dug a hole, which had put a lot of jewelry and clothing, live slaves to serve in his new life, and while carried the body of the chief wives, happy to accompany estban to eternal life. Finally buried. Quimbaya
The administrative structure was fairly sparse, there were almost more than 80 chiefs, although they recognized each other 5 and above. With regard to relations with neighboring tribes, the Quimbaya and neighbors of them, unlike other cultures, had ongoing relationships with them, because the distances between their villages was poor. Relations were maintained in chief to chief and always used interpreters. Among these tribes were: the Anserma, the Irras, the Quindos, the Caramantas, the mischievous, Wells and Armas.
The Anserma, were very powerful, and were even about to invade the territory Quimbaya. The Weapons wells and were cannibals, and were always fighting with their neighbors.
In war, the Quimbayas had no organized armies, but in combat warriors, trained by the caciques, liderban Quimbayas militias of all men and women of all ages fighting on equal terms: in that time it was important Quimbaya Nation store. In peacetime, the brigades organized Quimbayas sentries and spies who cared for the borders. In case of invasion, they warned the chiefs, company info decided to bring people together. It has been found that builders were skilled Quimbayas trenches and traps, digging deep trenches, filling with sharp sticks dipped in poison, concealed with brush and straw. Other techniques of defense, were hiding in bamboo forts in trees where they waited to ambush the enemy with poisoned arrows. In battle, the kids carried the flags of the tribes, women were throwing stones, spears and boiling water from the hills, men and youth were on the front with bows and arrows. To succeed, everyone gathered in the town and celebrated by dancing and fighting between them fictitious, laughing.
Los Quimbaya cultures were the last to disappear, as the inhabited areas were almost inaccessible, surrounded on both sides by mountains and jungle with two blocks north and south. Yet the English arrived, led by Jorge Robledo, who had already conquered the North of Antioquia. Robledo first tried to Quimbayas well, but then began to send parcels to work. The Quimbayas resented and started a war. It was useless, Robledo defeated and escaped last Quimbayas Chocó. Slowly disappeared and left us wonderful treasures, the most famous is the "Treasure of the Quimbaya, found buried in Quimbaya, Quindío late nineteenth century, this treasure is now in the Museo de America in Madrid. Although most representative piece of art Quimbaya, the Poporo Quimbaya, rests in the vaults of the Museum Oro de Bogotá, with the Poporo Quimbaya, the first piece that the museum had, in 1933.
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Golden Helmet Quimbayas Treasury adorned with two nude female figures embossed. Colombia, Quimbaya archaeological culture (200-1000 AD).
The Museum of America in Madrid, there is more than one hundred years ago the famous treasure of Quimbayas who left the country as part of the exhibits that were made to celebrate the fourth anniversary of the discovery of America. The cultural heritage was delivered on 4 May 1893 by the diplomatic office in Madrid at the Reina Regente, with official letter signed by Foreign Minister Marco Fidel Suárez (who was President a few years later.) 
The treasure-nearly 200 pieces of jewelry Hispanic Colombian, was the product of archaeological looting looters did Quindío in 1890, particularly in an excavation known as La Soledad, located to one in the municipality of Quimbaya, and for others near Finlandia. In 1892 the Republican administration of then managed to acquire in a single batch, various private collections of gold and ceramics that had taken different directions in the hands of dealers and collectors. Carlos Holguin, Colombia's President in charge (1886-1892), bought public funds batch of better quality parts in order Quindio display in Madrid during the commemoration of the centenary. Then, through a letter of his mandate, gave the treasure to the English government, specifically the wife of King Alfonso XII, the Queen Regent Maria Cristina, "as a testimony of gratitude" for their help in a lawsuit with our neighbors Venezuelan border. Since that time this valuable item became known as "Treasure of the Quimbayas" as evidence of the splendor of indigenous cultures in America.
The treasury has a symbolic meaning: in 1886 Colombia was the last American nation that remade its diplomatic relations with Spain after the War of Independence. He felt the need for a fraternal approach to the English Crown and, apparently, the gesture of President Holguín to deliver the Treasury, by way of donation, would strengthen those friendships.
The Regent Maria Cristina of Habsburg (who Holguin was very familiarly known, when this had been the first ambassador of Colombia in the Peninsula) at the time was acting as a mediator in a boundary dispute with Venezuela that finally, with their assistance won our country. Such coincidences (the diplomatic approach, but the arbitration and the personal friendship of Holguín) attended to the fact the gift of Colombia to the government of Spain that is now calling for their repatriation.
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